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United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

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    Incremental Cost Has Multiple Meanings

    The Eighth Circuit said “incremental cost” has one well-understood meaning, marginal cost; economics and federal rate regulation use the term in several senses, including one that spreads a service’s own fixed costs across its units.

    Patrick M. Brenner  |  October 29, 2026

  • Policy Brief

    The Debit Card Cap Goes Back to the Fed

    The Eighth Circuit has set aside the Federal Reserve’s 21-cent debit card fee cap and ordered a rewrite built on marginal cost, a conflict with the D.C. Circuit that a ruling for the Board in Linney’s…

    Patrick M. Brenner  |  October 26, 2026

  • Press Release

    SPPI Urges Review After Eighth Circuit Strikes Down Debit Card Fee Cap

    SPPI, which filed an amicus brief supporting the Federal Reserve, points to the pending Linney’s Pizza appeal

    Southwest Public Policy Institute  |  October 26, 2026

  • Amicus Brief

    SPPI Files Amicus Brief Supporting the Federal Reserve in Major Debit Card Case

    A major federal court case could reshape debit card economics nationwide, impacting payment security, reliability, and everyday consumer transactions.

    Southwest Public Policy Institute  |  December 30, 2025

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